#![feature(min_specialization)]

#[macro_use]
extern crate bitflags;
#[macro_use]
extern crate rustc_macros;

use rustc_data_structures::stable_hasher::{HashStable, StableHasher};
use rustc_data_structures::unify::{EqUnifyValue, UnifyKey};
use std::fmt;
use std::mem::discriminant;

bitflags! {
    /// Flags that we track on types. These flags are propagated upwards
    /// through the type during type construction, so that we can quickly check
    /// whether the type has various kinds of types in it without recursing
    /// over the type itself.
    pub struct TypeFlags: u32 {
        // Does this have parameters? Used to determine whether substitution is
        // required.
        /// Does this have `Param`?
        const HAS_KNOWN_TY_PARAM                = 1 << 0;
        /// Does this have `ReEarlyBound`?
        const HAS_KNOWN_RE_PARAM                = 1 << 1;
        /// Does this have `ConstKind::Param`?
        const HAS_KNOWN_CT_PARAM                = 1 << 2;

        const KNOWN_NEEDS_SUBST                 = TypeFlags::HAS_KNOWN_TY_PARAM.bits
                                                | TypeFlags::HAS_KNOWN_RE_PARAM.bits
                                                | TypeFlags::HAS_KNOWN_CT_PARAM.bits;

        /// Does this have `Infer`?
        const HAS_TY_INFER                      = 1 << 3;
        /// Does this have `ReVar`?
        const HAS_RE_INFER                      = 1 << 4;
        /// Does this have `ConstKind::Infer`?
        const HAS_CT_INFER                      = 1 << 5;

        /// Does this have inference variables? Used to determine whether
        /// inference is required.
        const NEEDS_INFER                       = TypeFlags::HAS_TY_INFER.bits
                                                | TypeFlags::HAS_RE_INFER.bits
                                                | TypeFlags::HAS_CT_INFER.bits;

        /// Does this have `Placeholder`?
        const HAS_TY_PLACEHOLDER                = 1 << 6;
        /// Does this have `RePlaceholder`?
        const HAS_RE_PLACEHOLDER                = 1 << 7;
        /// Does this have `ConstKind::Placeholder`?
        const HAS_CT_PLACEHOLDER                = 1 << 8;

        /// `true` if there are "names" of regions and so forth
        /// that are local to a particular fn/inferctxt
        const HAS_KNOWN_FREE_LOCAL_REGIONS      = 1 << 9;

        /// `true` if there are "names" of types and regions and so forth
        /// that are local to a particular fn
        const HAS_KNOWN_FREE_LOCAL_NAMES        = TypeFlags::HAS_KNOWN_TY_PARAM.bits
                                                | TypeFlags::HAS_KNOWN_CT_PARAM.bits
                                                | TypeFlags::HAS_TY_INFER.bits
                                                | TypeFlags::HAS_CT_INFER.bits
                                                | TypeFlags::HAS_TY_PLACEHOLDER.bits
                                                | TypeFlags::HAS_CT_PLACEHOLDER.bits
                                                // We consider 'freshened' types and constants
                                                // to depend on a particular fn.
                                                // The freshening process throws away information,
                                                // which can make things unsuitable for use in a global
                                                // cache. Note that there is no 'fresh lifetime' flag -
                                                // freshening replaces all lifetimes with `ReErased`,
                                                // which is different from how types/const are freshened.
                                                | TypeFlags::HAS_TY_FRESH.bits
                                                | TypeFlags::HAS_CT_FRESH.bits
                                                | TypeFlags::HAS_KNOWN_FREE_LOCAL_REGIONS.bits;

        const HAS_POTENTIAL_FREE_LOCAL_NAMES    = TypeFlags::HAS_KNOWN_FREE_LOCAL_NAMES.bits
                                                | TypeFlags::HAS_UNKNOWN_DEFAULT_CONST_SUBSTS.bits;

        /// Does this have `Projection`?
        const HAS_TY_PROJECTION                 = 1 << 10;
        /// Does this have `Opaque`?
        const HAS_TY_OPAQUE                     = 1 << 11;
        /// Does this have `ConstKind::Unevaluated`?
        const HAS_CT_PROJECTION                 = 1 << 12;

        /// Could this type be normalized further?
        const HAS_PROJECTION                    = TypeFlags::HAS_TY_PROJECTION.bits
                                                | TypeFlags::HAS_TY_OPAQUE.bits
                                                | TypeFlags::HAS_CT_PROJECTION.bits;

        /// Is an error type/const reachable?
        const HAS_ERROR                         = 1 << 13;

        /// Does this have any region that "appears free" in the type?
        /// Basically anything but `ReLateBound` and `ReErased`.
        const HAS_KNOWN_FREE_REGIONS            = 1 << 14;

        const HAS_POTENTIAL_FREE_REGIONS        = TypeFlags::HAS_KNOWN_FREE_REGIONS.bits
                                                | TypeFlags::HAS_UNKNOWN_DEFAULT_CONST_SUBSTS.bits;

        /// Does this have any `ReLateBound` regions? Used to check
        /// if a global bound is safe to evaluate.
        const HAS_RE_LATE_BOUND                 = 1 << 15;

        /// Does this have any `ReErased` regions?
        const HAS_RE_ERASED                     = 1 << 16;

        /// Does this value have parameters/placeholders/inference variables which could be
        /// replaced later, in a way that would change the results of `impl` specialization?
        ///
        /// Note that this flag being set is not a guarantee, as it is also
        /// set if there are any anon consts with unknown default substs.
        const STILL_FURTHER_SPECIALIZABLE       = 1 << 17;

        /// Does this value have `InferTy::FreshTy/FreshIntTy/FreshFloatTy`?
        const HAS_TY_FRESH                      = 1 << 18;

        /// Does this value have `InferConst::Fresh`?
        const HAS_CT_FRESH                      = 1 << 19;

        /// Does this value have unknown default anon const substs.
        ///
        /// For more details refer to...
        /// FIXME(@lcnr): ask me for now, still have to write all of this.
        const HAS_UNKNOWN_DEFAULT_CONST_SUBSTS  = 1 << 20;
        /// Flags which can be influenced by default anon const substs.
        const MAY_NEED_DEFAULT_CONST_SUBSTS     = TypeFlags::HAS_KNOWN_RE_PARAM.bits
                                                | TypeFlags::HAS_KNOWN_TY_PARAM.bits
                                                | TypeFlags::HAS_KNOWN_CT_PARAM.bits
                                                | TypeFlags::HAS_KNOWN_FREE_LOCAL_REGIONS.bits
                                                | TypeFlags::HAS_KNOWN_FREE_REGIONS.bits;

    }
}

rustc_index::newtype_index! {
    /// A [De Bruijn index][dbi] is a standard means of representing
    /// regions (and perhaps later types) in a higher-ranked setting. In
    /// particular, imagine a type like this:
    ///
    ///     for<'a> fn(for<'b> fn(&'b isize, &'a isize), &'a char)
    ///     ^          ^            |          |           |
    ///     |          |            |          |           |
    ///     |          +------------+ 0        |           |
    ///     |                                  |           |
    ///     +----------------------------------+ 1         |
    ///     |                                              |
    ///     +----------------------------------------------+ 0
    ///
    /// In this type, there are two binders (the outer fn and the inner
    /// fn). We need to be able to determine, for any given region, which
    /// fn type it is bound by, the inner or the outer one. There are
    /// various ways you can do this, but a De Bruijn index is one of the
    /// more convenient and has some nice properties. The basic idea is to
    /// count the number of binders, inside out. Some examples should help
    /// clarify what I mean.
    ///
    /// Let's start with the reference type `&'b isize` that is the first
    /// argument to the inner function. This region `'b` is assigned a De
    /// Bruijn index of 0, meaning "the innermost binder" (in this case, a
    /// fn). The region `'a` that appears in the second argument type (`&'a
    /// isize`) would then be assigned a De Bruijn index of 1, meaning "the
    /// second-innermost binder". (These indices are written on the arrows
    /// in the diagram).
    ///
    /// What is interesting is that De Bruijn index attached to a particular
    /// variable will vary depending on where it appears. For example,
    /// the final type `&'a char` also refers to the region `'a` declared on
    /// the outermost fn. But this time, this reference is not nested within
    /// any other binders (i.e., it is not an argument to the inner fn, but
    /// rather the outer one). Therefore, in this case, it is assigned a
    /// De Bruijn index of 0, because the innermost binder in that location
    /// is the outer fn.
    ///
    /// [dbi]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_Bruijn_index
    pub struct DebruijnIndex {
        DEBUG_FORMAT = "DebruijnIndex({})",
        const INNERMOST = 0,
    }
}

impl DebruijnIndex {
    /// Returns the resulting index when this value is moved into
    /// `amount` number of new binders. So, e.g., if you had
    ///
    ///    for<'a> fn(&'a x)
    ///
    /// and you wanted to change it to
    ///
    ///    for<'a> fn(for<'b> fn(&'a x))
    ///
    /// you would need to shift the index for `'a` into a new binder.
    #[must_use]
    pub fn shifted_in(self, amount: u32) -> DebruijnIndex {
        DebruijnIndex::from_u32(self.as_u32() + amount)
    }

    /// Update this index in place by shifting it "in" through
    /// `amount` number of binders.
    pub fn shift_in(&mut self, amount: u32) {
        *self = self.shifted_in(amount);
    }

    /// Returns the resulting index when this value is moved out from
    /// `amount` number of new binders.
    #[must_use]
    pub fn shifted_out(self, amount: u32) -> DebruijnIndex {
        DebruijnIndex::from_u32(self.as_u32() - amount)
    }

    /// Update in place by shifting out from `amount` binders.
    pub fn shift_out(&mut self, amount: u32) {
        *self = self.shifted_out(amount);
    }

    /// Adjusts any De Bruijn indices so as to make `to_binder` the
    /// innermost binder. That is, if we have something bound at `to_binder`,
    /// it will now be bound at INNERMOST. This is an appropriate thing to do
    /// when moving a region out from inside binders:
    ///
    /// ```
    ///             for<'a>   fn(for<'b>   for<'c>   fn(&'a u32), _)
    /// // Binder:  D3           D2        D1            ^^
    /// ```
    ///
    /// Here, the region `'a` would have the De Bruijn index D3,
    /// because it is the bound 3 binders out. However, if we wanted
    /// to refer to that region `'a` in the second argument (the `_`),
    /// those two binders would not be in scope. In that case, we
    /// might invoke `shift_out_to_binder(D3)`. This would adjust the
    /// De Bruijn index of `'a` to D1 (the innermost binder).
    ///
    /// If we invoke `shift_out_to_binder` and the region is in fact
    /// bound by one of the binders we are shifting out of, that is an
    /// error (and should fail an assertion failure).
    pub fn shifted_out_to_binder(self, to_binder: DebruijnIndex) -> Self {
        self.shifted_out(to_binder.as_u32() - INNERMOST.as_u32())
    }
}

#[derive(Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord, Hash, Debug)]
#[derive(Encodable, Decodable)]
pub enum IntTy {
    Isize,
    I8,
    I16,
    I32,
    I64,
    I128,
}

impl IntTy {
    pub fn name_str(&self) -> &'static str {
        match *self {
            IntTy::Isize => "isize",
            IntTy::I8 => "i8",
            IntTy::I16 => "i16",
            IntTy::I32 => "i32",
            IntTy::I64 => "i64",
            IntTy::I128 => "i128",
        }
    }

    pub fn bit_width(&self) -> Option<u64> {
        Some(match *self {
            IntTy::Isize => return None,
            IntTy::I8 => 8,
            IntTy::I16 => 16,
            IntTy::I32 => 32,
            IntTy::I64 => 64,
            IntTy::I128 => 128,
        })
    }

    pub fn normalize(&self, target_width: u32) -> Self {
        match self {
            IntTy::Isize => match target_width {
                16 => IntTy::I16,
                32 => IntTy::I32,
                64 => IntTy::I64,
                _ => unreachable!(),
            },
            _ => *self,
        }
    }
}

#[derive(Clone, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord, Hash, Copy, Debug)]
#[derive(Encodable, Decodable)]
pub enum UintTy {
    Usize,
    U8,
    U16,
    U32,
    U64,
    U128,
}

impl UintTy {
    pub fn name_str(&self) -> &'static str {
        match *self {
            UintTy::Usize => "usize",
            UintTy::U8 => "u8",
            UintTy::U16 => "u16",
            UintTy::U32 => "u32",
            UintTy::U64 => "u64",
            UintTy::U128 => "u128",
        }
    }

    pub fn bit_width(&self) -> Option<u64> {
        Some(match *self {
            UintTy::Usize => return None,
            UintTy::U8 => 8,
            UintTy::U16 => 16,
            UintTy::U32 => 32,
            UintTy::U64 => 64,
            UintTy::U128 => 128,
        })
    }

    pub fn normalize(&self, target_width: u32) -> Self {
        match self {
            UintTy::Usize => match target_width {
                16 => UintTy::U16,
                32 => UintTy::U32,
                64 => UintTy::U64,
                _ => unreachable!(),
            },
            _ => *self,
        }
    }
}

#[derive(Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord, Hash, Debug)]
#[derive(Encodable, Decodable)]
pub enum FloatTy {
    F32,
    F64,
}

impl FloatTy {
    pub fn name_str(self) -> &'static str {
        match self {
            FloatTy::F32 => "f32",
            FloatTy::F64 => "f64",
        }
    }

    pub fn bit_width(self) -> u64 {
        match self {
            FloatTy::F32 => 32,
            FloatTy::F64 => 64,
        }
    }
}

#[derive(Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
pub enum IntVarValue {
    IntType(IntTy),
    UintType(UintTy),
}

#[derive(Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq)]
pub struct FloatVarValue(pub FloatTy);

rustc_index::newtype_index! {
    /// A **ty**pe **v**ariable **ID**.
    pub struct TyVid {
        DEBUG_FORMAT = "_#{}t"
    }
}

/// An **int**egral (`u32`, `i32`, `usize`, etc.) type **v**ariable **ID**.
#[derive(Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord, Hash, Encodable, Decodable)]
pub struct IntVid {
    pub index: u32,
}

/// An **float**ing-point (`f32` or `f64`) type **v**ariable **ID**.
#[derive(Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord, Hash, Encodable, Decodable)]
pub struct FloatVid {
    pub index: u32,
}

/// A placeholder for a type that hasn't been inferred yet.
///
/// E.g., if we have an empty array (`[]`), then we create a fresh
/// type variable for the element type since we won't know until it's
/// used what the element type is supposed to be.
#[derive(Clone, Copy, PartialEq, Eq, PartialOrd, Ord, Hash, Encodable, Decodable)]
pub enum InferTy {
    /// A type variable.
    TyVar(TyVid),
    /// An integral type variable (`{integer}`).
    ///
    /// These are created when the compiler sees an integer literal like
    /// `1` that could be several different types (`u8`, `i32`, `u32`, etc.).
    /// We don't know until it's used what type it's supposed to be, so
    /// we create a fresh type variable.
    IntVar(IntVid),
    /// A floating-point type variable (`{float}`).
    ///
    /// These are created when the compiler sees an float literal like
    /// `1.0` that could be either an `f32` or an `f64`.
    /// We don't know until it's used what type it's supposed to be, so
    /// we create a fresh type variable.
    FloatVar(FloatVid),

    /// A [`FreshTy`][Self::FreshTy] is one that is generated as a replacement
    /// for an unbound type variable. This is convenient for caching etc. See
    /// `rustc_infer::infer::freshen` for more details.
    ///
    /// Compare with [`TyVar`][Self::TyVar].
    FreshTy(u32),
    /// Like [`FreshTy`][Self::FreshTy], but as a replacement for [`IntVar`][Self::IntVar].
    FreshIntTy(u32),
    /// Like [`FreshTy`][Self::FreshTy], but as a replacement for [`FloatVar`][Self::FloatVar].
    FreshFloatTy(u32),
}

/// Raw `TyVid` are used as the unification key for `sub_relations`;
/// they carry no values.
impl UnifyKey for TyVid {
    type Value = ();
    fn index(&self) -> u32 {
        self.as_u32()
    }
    fn from_index(i: u32) -> TyVid {
        TyVid::from_u32(i)
    }
    fn tag() -> &'static str {
        "TyVid"
    }
}

impl EqUnifyValue for IntVarValue {}

impl UnifyKey for IntVid {
    type Value = Option<IntVarValue>;
    #[inline] // make this function eligible for inlining - it is quite hot.
    fn index(&self) -> u32 {
        self.index
    }
    fn from_index(i: u32) -> IntVid {
        IntVid { index: i }
    }
    fn tag() -> &'static str {
        "IntVid"
    }
}

impl EqUnifyValue for FloatVarValue {}

impl UnifyKey for FloatVid {
    type Value = Option<FloatVarValue>;
    fn index(&self) -> u32 {
        self.index
    }
    fn from_index(i: u32) -> FloatVid {
        FloatVid { index: i }
    }
    fn tag() -> &'static str {
        "FloatVid"
    }
}

#[derive(Copy, Clone, PartialEq, Decodable, Encodable, Hash)]
pub enum Variance {
    Covariant,     // T<A> <: T<B> iff A <: B -- e.g., function return type
    Invariant,     // T<A> <: T<B> iff B == A -- e.g., type of mutable cell
    Contravariant, // T<A> <: T<B> iff B <: A -- e.g., function param type
    Bivariant,     // T<A> <: T<B>            -- e.g., unused type parameter
}

impl Variance {
    /// `a.xform(b)` combines the variance of a context with the
    /// variance of a type with the following meaning. If we are in a
    /// context with variance `a`, and we encounter a type argument in
    /// a position with variance `b`, then `a.xform(b)` is the new
    /// variance with which the argument appears.
    ///
    /// Example 1:
    ///
    ///     *mut Vec<i32>
    ///
    /// Here, the "ambient" variance starts as covariant. `*mut T` is
    /// invariant with respect to `T`, so the variance in which the
    /// `Vec<i32>` appears is `Covariant.xform(Invariant)`, which
    /// yields `Invariant`. Now, the type `Vec<T>` is covariant with
    /// respect to its type argument `T`, and hence the variance of
    /// the `i32` here is `Invariant.xform(Covariant)`, which results
    /// (again) in `Invariant`.
    ///
    /// Example 2:
    ///
    ///     fn(*const Vec<i32>, *mut Vec<i32)
    ///
    /// The ambient variance is covariant. A `fn` type is
    /// contravariant with respect to its parameters, so the variance
    /// within which both pointer types appear is
    /// `Covariant.xform(Contravariant)`, or `Contravariant`. `*const
    /// T` is covariant with respect to `T`, so the variance within
    /// which the first `Vec<i32>` appears is
    /// `Contravariant.xform(Covariant)` or `Contravariant`. The same
    /// is true for its `i32` argument. In the `*mut T` case, the
    /// variance of `Vec<i32>` is `Contravariant.xform(Invariant)`,
    /// and hence the outermost type is `Invariant` with respect to
    /// `Vec<i32>` (and its `i32` argument).
    ///
    /// Source: Figure 1 of "Taming the Wildcards:
    /// Combining Definition- and Use-Site Variance" published in PLDI'11.
    pub fn xform(self, v: Variance) -> Variance {
        match (self, v) {
            // Figure 1, column 1.
            (Variance::Covariant, Variance::Covariant) => Variance::Covariant,
            (Variance::Covariant, Variance::Contravariant) => Variance::Contravariant,
            (Variance::Covariant, Variance::Invariant) => Variance::Invariant,
            (Variance::Covariant, Variance::Bivariant) => Variance::Bivariant,

            // Figure 1, column 2.
            (Variance::Contravariant, Variance::Covariant) => Variance::Contravariant,
            (Variance::Contravariant, Variance::Contravariant) => Variance::Covariant,
            (Variance::Contravariant, Variance::Invariant) => Variance::Invariant,
            (Variance::Contravariant, Variance::Bivariant) => Variance::Bivariant,

            // Figure 1, column 3.
            (Variance::Invariant, _) => Variance::Invariant,

            // Figure 1, column 4.
            (Variance::Bivariant, _) => Variance::Bivariant,
        }
    }
}

impl<CTX> HashStable<CTX> for DebruijnIndex {
    fn hash_stable(&self, ctx: &mut CTX, hasher: &mut StableHasher) {
        self.as_u32().hash_stable(ctx, hasher);
    }
}

impl<CTX> HashStable<CTX> for IntTy {
    fn hash_stable(&self, ctx: &mut CTX, hasher: &mut StableHasher) {
        discriminant(self).hash_stable(ctx, hasher);
    }
}

impl<CTX> HashStable<CTX> for UintTy {
    fn hash_stable(&self, ctx: &mut CTX, hasher: &mut StableHasher) {
        discriminant(self).hash_stable(ctx, hasher);
    }
}

impl<CTX> HashStable<CTX> for FloatTy {
    fn hash_stable(&self, ctx: &mut CTX, hasher: &mut StableHasher) {
        discriminant(self).hash_stable(ctx, hasher);
    }
}

impl<CTX> HashStable<CTX> for InferTy {
    fn hash_stable(&self, ctx: &mut CTX, hasher: &mut StableHasher) {
        use InferTy::*;
        match self {
            TyVar(v) => v.as_u32().hash_stable(ctx, hasher),
            IntVar(v) => v.index.hash_stable(ctx, hasher),
            FloatVar(v) => v.index.hash_stable(ctx, hasher),
            FreshTy(v) | FreshIntTy(v) | FreshFloatTy(v) => v.hash_stable(ctx, hasher),
        }
    }
}

impl<CTX> HashStable<CTX> for Variance {
    fn hash_stable(&self, ctx: &mut CTX, hasher: &mut StableHasher) {
        discriminant(self).hash_stable(ctx, hasher);
    }
}

impl fmt::Debug for IntVarValue {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
        match *self {
            IntVarValue::IntType(ref v) => v.fmt(f),
            IntVarValue::UintType(ref v) => v.fmt(f),
        }
    }
}

impl fmt::Debug for FloatVarValue {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
        self.0.fmt(f)
    }
}

impl fmt::Debug for IntVid {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
        write!(f, "_#{}i", self.index)
    }
}

impl fmt::Debug for FloatVid {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
        write!(f, "_#{}f", self.index)
    }
}

impl fmt::Debug for InferTy {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
        use InferTy::*;
        match *self {
            TyVar(ref v) => v.fmt(f),
            IntVar(ref v) => v.fmt(f),
            FloatVar(ref v) => v.fmt(f),
            FreshTy(v) => write!(f, "FreshTy({:?})", v),
            FreshIntTy(v) => write!(f, "FreshIntTy({:?})", v),
            FreshFloatTy(v) => write!(f, "FreshFloatTy({:?})", v),
        }
    }
}

impl fmt::Debug for Variance {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
        f.write_str(match *self {
            Variance::Covariant => "+",
            Variance::Contravariant => "-",
            Variance::Invariant => "o",
            Variance::Bivariant => "*",
        })
    }
}

impl fmt::Display for InferTy {
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
        use InferTy::*;
        match *self {
            TyVar(_) => write!(f, "_"),
            IntVar(_) => write!(f, "{}", "{integer}"),
            FloatVar(_) => write!(f, "{}", "{float}"),
            FreshTy(v) => write!(f, "FreshTy({})", v),
            FreshIntTy(v) => write!(f, "FreshIntTy({})", v),
            FreshFloatTy(v) => write!(f, "FreshFloatTy({})", v),
        }
    }
}